1, alcohol and alcohol amine active agents
Adjuvants such as alcohols and alcohol amines, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and triethanolamine, are first adsorbed by white carbon black during rubber mixing, reducing the adsorption of white carbon black, protecting amine accelerators, antioxidants and zinc oxide. When it is not adsorbed by silica, the vulcanization properties of the rubber are not disturbed.

2. Dispersing agent for zinc salts
     The silanol group (≡Si-OH) on the surface of silica is easily cation-substituted with fatty acid zinc to form ≡Si-OZnR. The hydrogen ion on the silanol group is replaced, which weakens the polarity of the surface of the white carbon black, reduces the self-polymerization of the surface deagglomeration, and lowers the Mooney viscosity of the rubber material, which is favorable for the dispersion of the white carbon black but does not improve the physical properties.

3. Coupling agent for silanes
    The silane type coupling agent is actually a surfactant having a hydrophilic group and a lipophilic group, the hydrophilic group portion is substituted with the active hydrogen ion of the silanol group, and the lipophilic group portion is received by the rubber matrix to form white carbon. Black--silane--the chemical bond of the rubber matrix, the coupling agent improves the physical properties of the rubber compound, and the mixing process is difficult, the modulus is low, and the wear resistance is poor compared with the carbon black.